Backgrounds: There is a lack of valid and reliable studies in literature on both the distinctive and ambiguous relationship between the psychological profile and the occurrence of recurrent aphthous ulcers in the individual. Objectives: The etiology of recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) is not well understood. This study analyzes the psychological treatment of patients with recurrent aphthous using valid, confidential and effective psychological measures.

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of the paranasal sinus is an extremely rareisease. PLGA is a minor salivary gland neoplasm that occurs mostly in the junction of the soft andhard palate, followed by the buccal mucosa and upper lip. Only a few cases have been reported in the sinonasal area. PLGA generally follows a benign clinical course with frequent perineural invasion but low metastatic potential We report on a patient with PLGA in the ethmoid sinus, which presented as a nasal polyp withepistaxis for more than 2 years. The patient received surgical excision with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy because of perineural and lymphavascular invasion. One year after treatment,the patient was free of disease. PLGA of the paranasal sinus is an extremely rare disease. Epistaxis as the initial presentation is also uncommon. Local recurrences and distant metastasis are rare if complete excision is performed. Long-term follow-up is required.

Mandibular reconstruction using vascularized osteocutaneous flaps is necessary to improve functional outcomes, such as jaw movement and mastication, and aesthetics after the wide resection of the mandible [1]. Bone grafts had been widely used for reconstruction, with the advent of microsurg ry, such as rib [2], metatarsal [3], radial [4], scapular [5], iliac [6], and fibular [7,8]. Using the fibula for re on truction of mandibular defects through microvascular technique was first described by Hidalgo in 1989 [9]. This microvascular flap depends on peroneal artery and the accompanying veins. This flap is characterized by rich vascularity with a long and wide pedicle as the vascular nourishment to this bone comes through both segmental and intraosseous ways, so, it can withstand multiple osteotomies without fear from any ischemic complications [10]. This makes reconstruction of large defects after radical tumor resection more easy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between bispectral indexes (BIS) and sleep staging in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) under natural sleep conditions. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients who had been clinically diagnosed with OSAHS were monitored by polysomnography (PSG) and bispectral index (BIS) that were simultaneously recorded to determine the BIS at different sleep stages and analyze the patterns.

Adenocarcinoma of the ceruminous glands is a rare malignancy arising from the glands of the external auditory canal. In most patients it is usually diagnosed as locally advanced disease with a major obstacle for radical surgery. Here, we describe two cases of patients suffering of sudden hearing loss and ipsilateral facial hemiparesis due to tumors arising from the ceruminous glands with primary intracranial involvement and subsequent middle ear infiltration. The patient with localadvanced disease underwent surgery followed by adjuvant treatment, whereas the other patient with advanced disease only to palliative therapy. However, both of them received volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) resulting in complete remission as adjuvant treatment in the first patients while extending the survival as palliation in the second one. Thus, VMAT appears a suggested approach in this tumor which management is still poorly defined.

Odontogenic myxomas are benign mesenchymal neoplasm most of them diagnosed in adults. They are uncommon in the paediatric population and exceptional in infants, with only 21 cases reported in the literature under the age of 2 years. We present a new case of infant odontogenic myxoma, that share the same clinical and radiological presentation with the cases described in the literature. They all presented with a painless paranasal swelling of short-term evolution, usually a few weeks duration (while in children or adults tumours usually develop slowly) and a well-defined, intraosseous, expansible lytic tumour of 3 cm average size in CT-scan examination. Most cases underwent enucleation and curettage with a very low rate of recurrences (4.76%). The aim of this article is to report a new case of this exceptional tumour, whose diagnosis was established at histologic examination. We focus on the importance to undergo a conservative approach in this infant population to minimize the surgical morbidity

Tertiary syphilis shows most marked manifestations in the nose causing superficial and deep ulcerations and gumma. Gummatous deposit may occur in any portion of the nose. The deformity resulting from the destruction of the bony frame work of the nose and the shrinking of fibroid tissue produces typical saddle nose which is characteristic of syphilis. It is important to establish the diagnosis after carefully ruling out other clinical possibilities and confirming Treponemal infection by laboratory evaluation. The respiratory tract, next to skin, furnishes the most frequent manifestations of syphilis.

Background: The aetiology of the ameloblastoma is still unclear. Several studies have searched for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in ameloblastomas, however the results have been mixed. Our aim is to clarify this possible association, and to determine if p16 is a reliable surrogate marker for the presence of HPV in these tumours.

Ankyloglossia is a disease characterized by difficulty in breast-feeding, limitation of tongue, andspeech disorders. Prevalence of the disease is %1-10 in the literature (1). Cold knife, Laser surgery,electro cautery methods are used in the surgical treatment of the disease. Coblation radiofrequency technology provides low temperature work with minimal damage to neighborhood tissues. We presenta 21 years old male with ankyloglossia treated by coblation surgery in the lights of the literature.